Zombie UV™ Fixable Viability Kit

Product Details

Preparation

Zombie UV™ Fixable Viability kit is composed of lyophilized Zombie UV™ dye and anhydrous DMSO. For reconstitution, bring the kit to room temperature; add 100 µl of DMSO to one vial of Zombie UV™ dye until fully dissolved. 100 tests = 1 vial of Zombie UV™ + DMSO, 500 tests = 5 vials of Zombie UV™ + DMSO.

Storage & Handling

Store kit at -20°C upon receipt. Do not open vials until needed. Once the DMSO is added to the Zombie UV™ dye, use immediately, or store at -20°C in a dry place and protected from light, preferably in a desiccator or in a container with desiccant for no more than one month.

Application

FC - Quality tested

Recommended Usage

Each lot of this product is quality control tested by immunofluorescent staining with flow cytometric analysis.

For flow cytometry, the suggested dilution is 1:100-1:1000 for 1-10 million cells. It is recommended that the reagent be titrated for optimal performance for each application, as optimal dosage varies with cell type.

Excitation Laser

Ultraviolet Laser (355 nm)

Application Notes

Standard Cell Staining Protocol:

1. Prior to reconstitution, spin down the vial of lyophilized reagent in a microcentrofuge to ensure the reagent is at the bottom of the vial.
2. For reconstitution, pre-warm the kit to room temperature; add 100 µl of DMSO to one vial of Zombie UV™ dye and mix until fully dissolved
3. Wash cells with PBS buffer (no Tris buffer and protein free).
4. Dilute Zombie UV™ dye at 1:100-1000 in PBS. Resuspend 1-10 x 10⁶ cells in diluted 100 µl Zombie UV™ solution. To minimize background staining of live cells, titrate the amount of dye and/or number of cells per 100 µl for optimal performance. Different cell types can have a wide degree of variability in staining based on cell size and degree of cell death.
   
   Note: Don’t use Tris buffer as a diluent and be sure that the PBS does not contain any other protein like BSA or FBS.
   Note: The amount of dye used can also influence the ability to detect apoptotic as well as live and dead cells.


5. Incubate the cells at room temperature, in the dark, for 15-30 minutes.
6. Wash one time with 2 ml BioLegend’s Cell Staining Buffer (Cat. No. 420201) or equivalent buffer containing serum or BSA.
7. Continue performing antibody staining procedure as desired.
8. Cells can be fixed with paraformaldehyde or methanol prior to permeabilization or can be analyzed without fixation.

No-wash Sequential Staining Protocol:

1. Wash cells with PBS buffer (no Tris buffer and protein free).
2. For reconstitution, pre-warm the kit to room temperature; add 100 µl of DMSO to one vial of Zombie UV™ dye and mix until fully  dissolved
3. Determine the total µl volume of antibody cocktail previously titrated and optimized for the assay that will be added to each vial/well of cells based on a final volume of 100 µl. Subtract that antibody volume from the 100 µl total staining volume intended for the assay. In the remaining volume, dilute Zombie UV™ dye at 1:100-1000 in PBS as determined by prior optimization at that volume. For example, if you are adding 20 µl of antibody cocktail for a 100 µl total staining volume, use 80 µl of Zombie UV™ solution. Resuspend 1-10 x 10⁶ cells in the appropriate volume of Zombie UV™ solution. Different cell types can have a wide degree of variability in staining based on cell size and degree of cell death.
   
   Note: Don’t use Tris buffer as a diluent and be sure that the PBS does not contain any other protein like BSA or FBS.
   Note: The amount of dye used can also influence the ability to detect apoptotic as well as live and dead cells.


4. Incubate for 10-15 minutes at RT, protected from light. Without washing the cells, add the cell surface antibody cocktail and incubate for another 15-20 minutes.
5. Add 1-2 mL Cell Staining Buffer (Cat. No. 420201) or equivalent buffer containing BSA or serum. Centrifuge to pellet.
6. Continue with normal fixation and permeabilization procedure. If planning to skip fixation and analyze cells live, complete an additional wash step to minimize any unnecessary background of the live cells.

Notes: If the cell type in use cannot tolerate a protein-free environment, then titrate the Zombie UV™ dye in the presence of the same amount of BSA/serum as will be present in the antibody staining procedure. A higher amount of Zombie UV™ may be required since the BSA/serum will react with and bind up some proportion of the Zombie UV™.

Zombie UV™ dye is excited by the UV laser (350 nm) and has fluorescence emission maximum at 459 nm. If using in a multi-color panel design, filter optimization may be required depending on other fluorophores used. Zombie UV™ dye has similar emission to DAPI.

 

Application References

1. Souza-Fonesca-Guimaraes F, et al. 2015. PNAS. 112:2376. PubMed

Product Citations

1. Argüello RJ, et al. 2020. Cell Metab. 32:1063. PubMed
2. Reyes RA, et al. 2021. PLoS One. 16:e0261656. PubMed
3. Rosina M, et al. 2022. Cell Metab. 34:533. PubMed
4. Tocheva AS, et al. 2020. Curr Protoc Immunol. 130:e103. PubMed
5. Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F, et al. 2016. Cell Death Dis. 7:e2302. PubMed
6. Zgair A, et al. 2017. Sci Rep. . 10.1038/s41598-017-15026-z. PubMed
7. Xu H, et al. 2017. EBioMedicine. 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.03.003. PubMed
8. Lu C, et al. 2019. Cancer Immunol Res. 7:414. PubMed
9. Vaughan HJ, et al. 2021. Mol Ther Oncolytics. 21:377. PubMed
10. Matsui K, et al. 2015. PLoS One. 10: 0137195. PubMed
11. Clarke F,et al. 2017. PLoS One. 10.1371/journal.pone.0186625. PubMed
12. Gruber T, et al. 2020. JCI Insight. 5:00. PubMed
13. Trimaglio G, et al. 2020. Oncoimmunology. 9:1790125. PubMed
14. Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F, et al. 2015. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 112:2376. PubMed
15. Rao S, et al. 2017. Cell. 168(3):503-516.e12. PubMed
16. Godbersen-Palmer C, et al. 2020. J Immunol. 204:2973. PubMed
17. Chaurasiya S, et al. 2020. Oncoimmunology. 9:1729300. PubMed
18. Rafiq S, et al. 2018. Nat Biotechnol. 36:847. PubMed
19. Liu Y, et al. 2022. Nat Commun. 13:2665. PubMed
20. Poggio M, et al. 2019. Cell. 177:414. PubMed
21. Odeh-Couvertier VY, et al. 2022. Bioeng Transl Med. 7:e10282. PubMed
22. Vanshylla K, et al. 2022. Cell Host Microbe. 30:69. PubMed
23. Guo W, et al. 2022. J Immunother Cancer. 10:. PubMed
24. Leigh N, et al. 2017. The Journal of Immunology. 10.4049/jimmunol.1502181. PubMed
25. An J,et al. 2017. Sci Rep.. 10.1038/s41598-017-13629-0. PubMed
26. Sellau J, et al. 2020. Nat Commun. 2.860416667. PubMed
27. Zhang X, et al. 2022. Cell Rep. 40:111203. PubMed
28. Reighard SD, et al. 2020. Cell Rep Med. :1. PubMed
29. Lin J, et al. 2017. Sci Rep. 7:41722. PubMed
30. Lord JD, et al. 2018. Clin Immunol. 193:24:00. PubMed
31. Nath PR, et al. 2019. Cancer Immunol Res. 7:1547. PubMed
32. Fallet B, et al. 2020. Cell Rep. 30:1013. PubMed
33. Littwitz-Salomon E, Schimmer S, and Dittmer U. 2017. J Virol. 10.1128/JVI.01122-17. PubMed
34. Lerrer S, et al. 2021. iScience. 24:103020. PubMed
35. Grigoryan L, et al. 2022. NPJ Vaccines. 7:55. PubMed
36. Gehling K, et al. 2022. Life Sci Alliance. 5:. PubMed
37. Nath PR, et al. 2022. Oncoimmunology. 11:2111909. PubMed
38. Trüb M, et al. 2020. J Immunother Cancer. 8:00. PubMed
39. Shiao SL, et al. 2021. Cancer Cell. 39:1202. PubMed
40. Kallert S, et al. 2017. Nature Communications. 10.1038/ncomms15327. PubMed
41. Moreno-Fernandez ME, et al. 2018. JCI Insight. 3. PubMed
42. Li D, et al. 2019. J Lipid Res. 60:1503. PubMed
43. Truong AS, et al. 2021. J Clin Invest. 131:. PubMed
44. Kalbasi A, et al. 2020. Sci Transl Med. :12. PubMed
45. Huang SSY, et al. 2021. Biology. 10(8):. PubMed
46. Zeng Y, et al. 2019. Oncotarget. 10:4479. PubMed
47. Fredriksson-Lidman K, et al. 2017. PLoS One. 10.1371/journal.pone.0185509. PubMed
48. Harder I, et al. 2022. Cells. 11:. PubMed
49. McVey JC, et al. 2022. iScience. 25:103847. PubMed
50. Holokai L, et al. 2020. Cancers (Basel). 12:00. PubMed
51. Burns JC, et al. 2020. eLife. 9:00. PubMed
52. O’Neill R, et al. 2017. J Immunol. 10.4049/jimmunol.1700380. PubMed
53. Den Braanker H, et al. 2021. Front Immunol. 12:768113. PubMed
54. Ganguly S, et al. 2021. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 12:891. PubMed
55. Henrich IC, et al. 2021. Cancer Res. 81:2171. PubMed
56. Johnston S, et al. 2021. Elife. 10: . PubMed
57. Smith CA, et al. 2019. JCI Insight. 4. PubMed
58. Zhang R, et al. 2022. Front Pharmacol. 13:870848. PubMed
59. Pasciuto E, et al. 2020. Cell. 182:625. PubMed
60. Graciotti M, et al. 2020. Vaccines (Basel). 8:00. PubMed
61. Capuccini B, et al. 2016. Sci Rep. 6:39258. PubMed
62. Dangaj D, et al. 2019. Cancer Cell. 35:885. PubMed
63. Cartwright ANR, et al. 2021. Cancer Immunol Res. 9:470. PubMed
64. Moreno-Fernandez ME, et al. 2021. STAR Protoc. 2:100937. PubMed
65. Wu J, et al. 2021. STAR Protoc. 2:101022. PubMed
66. Georg P, et al. 2022. Cell. 185:493. PubMed
67. Ireland RE, et al. 2022. Viruses. 14:. PubMed
68. Lyle C, et al. 2019. Sci Rep. 9:20257. PubMed
69. Reuschl AK, et al. 2022. Cell Rep. 39:110650. PubMed
70. Comte D, et al. 2016. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 113: 9321 - 9326. PubMed
71. Cantor DJ et al. 2019. Cell reports. 26(1):108-118 . PubMed
72. Mempin M, et al. 2021. Cancers (Basel). 13:. PubMed
73. Wimmers F, et al. 2021. Cell. 184:3915. PubMed
74. Galván-Peña S, et al. 2021. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 118:. PubMed
75. Salehi S, et al. 2017. PLoS One. 10.1371/journal.pone.0163614. PubMed
76. Nath PR, et al. 2019. Front Immunol. 9:2985. PubMed
77. Bommareddy PK, et al. 2019. J Biol Methods. 6:2. PubMed
78. Chen YL, et al. 2022. Front Neurosci. 16:876582. PubMed
79. Prosser A, et al. 2021. STAR Protoc. 2:100810. PubMed
80. Gardner A, et al. 2022. J Immunother Cancer. 10:. PubMed
81. Lee A, et al. 2022. Nat Commun. 13:549. PubMed
82. Giles D, et al. 2016. PLoS One. 11: 0149783. PubMed
83. Lacar B, et al. 2016. Nat Commun. 7: 11022. PubMed
84. Grabiec A, et al. 2017. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.03.024. PubMed
85. Li CY, et al. 2022. Int J Mol Sci. 23:. PubMed
86. Zhong W, et al. 2022. Front Immunol. 13:1001255. PubMed
87. Gamradt S, et al. 2021. iScience. 24:103312. PubMed
88. Zeng Y, et al. 2019. FASEB J. 33:6596. PubMed
89. Mitchell LA, et al. 2019. Oncotarget. 10:2252. PubMed

Antigen Details

Biology Area

Apoptosis/Tumor Suppressors/Cell Death, Cell Biology, Neuroscience

Gene ID

NA

Documentation

• Technical Data Sheet (pdf)
• Certificate of Analysis
• Material Safety Data Sheet

Reviews

Related Pages & Pathways

Related FAQs

I am concerned about the spillover I am observing from the Zombie dye into its neighboring channels.

Rule of thumb with Zombie dyes is to titrate them down as much as possible to fit your application. This should potentially help with spillover. Secondly, Zombie positive events represent dead cells and are typically gated out from analysis.

How does the performance of your Zombie dye compare with competitors?

Zombie dyes have been tested against other leading competitors' fixable viability kits and given comparable results. We also highly recommend that you titrate down the amount of each dye used in order to best match the negative signals of your unstained sample and MFI- (mean fluorescence intensity) stained samples.

Can I use methanol/ethanol for fixation after using a Zombie dye?

Yes, most fixation reagents are fine to be used with Zombie dyes. However, it should be noted that Zombie dyes can still be sensitive to reactive oxygen species. Light exposure or reagents with hydrogen peroxide can lead to free radical formation, affecting fluorescence.

Can Zombie be used to determine bacteria, yeast viability?

We have not tested in house bacterial or yeast viability using Zombie dyes. It is not clear whether the difference between surface and intracellular signals will be significantly different in case of non mammalian cells.

Can I use Zombie with cells suspension containing serum?

Serum is full of proteins which will sequester the dye and thereby reducing its effective concentration. The basic rule of thumb with zombie is to titrate it based on your specific condition. Titration also helps reduce the background and spillover into other channels.

Can I use Zombie dyes for microscopy?

Zombie dyes tested in-house for microscopy applications will display data on the product technical datasheet. It should be noted that Zombie dyes may not work for dead cell discrimination in every microscopy application. Important considerations that may impact analysis are determining the signal level that constitutes a dead cell and identifying the proper plane to observe the dead cells.

Why can't I fix my cells prior to using Zombie dyes?

The fixation process can contort and alter the membrane of cells, effectively rendering them dead. Since the ability of the Zombie dyes to stain dead cells is correlated with cell permeability, your results may no longer be a valid representation of dead versus live cells.

Can I use Zombie dyes to detect apoptotic cells?

Yes, Zombie dyes can be used with apoptosis markers, such as Annexin V or Apotracker™ (shown below), to discriminate live, apoptotic, and dead cells.

One day-old C57BL/6 mouse thymocytes were stained with Apotracker™ Tetra Alexa Fluor® 647 and Zombie™ YG581. Zombie-dim/Apotracker™-positive cells are apoptotic, while double-positive cells are dead. Live cells are negative for both markers.

How should I store Zombie dyes?

Store the Zombie dye kit at -20°C upon receipt. Do not open vials until needed. Once DMSO is added, use immediately or store at -20°C in a dry place and protected from light, preferably in a desiccator or in a container with desiccant for no more than one month.

Certificate of Analysis